How mastic gum protects against H. pylori infection

Mastic gum, derived from the resin of the Pistacia lentiscus tree that’s native to the Mediterranean, has long been valued for its potential digestive health benefits, including the ability to help manage ulcers.

One area of growing interest is mastic’s role in managing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. This article explains how mastic gum can aid in combating H. pylori, recommended dosages and forms, and the best method of ingestion.

Is mastic gum effective for H. pylori?

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that can colonize the stomach lining, leading to conditions such as dyspepsia, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and in severe cases, gastric cancer.

One of the most common conditions caused by H. pylori is peptic ulcers. The prevalence of H. pylori infections varies worldwide, but it’s a significant concern in gastrointestinal health, especially among people who regularly eat foods from restaurants, drink unfiltered water, and smoke (all of which increase the risk of this pathogen entering the body).¹

H. pylori is thought to infect more than 50% of the world’s population, although it doesn’t cause infections or ulcers in every person.¹

How mastic gum can help:

Mastic gum (also known as Chios mastic gum) is a hard type of resin obtained from the mastic tree, a plant indigenous to the Mediterranean region, particularly the Greek island of Chios.

By inhibiting the growth of H. pylori bacterium, mastic may help heal and prevent the formation of ulcers in the stomach and duodenum (a tube connecting the stomach to the middle part of the small intestine).²

Mastic’s potential efficacy against H. pylori stems from its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Studies suggest that mastic gum may help manage H. pylori infections by disrupting bacterial growth and reducing associated inflammation.³

In addition to counteracting the effects of H. pylori, research suggests that mastic gum may help prevent or treat other digestive and gastrointestinal issues⁴ such as:

• Heartburn
• Bloating
• Irritable bowel syndrome (diarrhea, constipation, and stomach pains)
• Inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s

Mastic’s mechanism of actions

The European Medicines Agency currently approves mastic gum for treating mild peptic and gastrointestinal disorders, as well as inflammatory conditions. Here’s more about how it works to protect against H. Pylori infections⁵ and resulting digestive discomfort:

Antimicrobial activity:

Mastic gum contains at least an estimated 120 bioactive compounds, some of which have antimicrobial activity that benefits gastrointestinal health⁶, including:

• Terpenes are the primary active components in mastic gum. They offer potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, helping reduce gut inflammation and protect the digestive system from oxidative damage.

• Triterpenic acids: Compounds like oleanolic acid have shown antimicrobial and antibacterial properties in clinical trials, particularly against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is linked to peptic ulcers and gastritis.

• Polyphenols: Antioxidants found in mastic gum, such as salicylic, rosmarinic, and caffeic acids, safeguard the gastrointestinal lining from free radical damage, supporting overall gut integrity and nutrient absorption, which can help defend against H. pylori proliferating.

• Phytosterols: These compounds can lower cholesterol and enhance bile composition, indirectly benefiting gut health and reducing gallstone risk.

• Essential oils: Mastic gum contains essential oils like myrcene and limonene, which offer additional antibacterial and antifungal properties, promoting a balanced gut microbiome.

Research indicates that these compounds, when consumed together, can inhibit the growth of H. pylori, offering a natural alternative to conventional antibiotics like amoxicillin and clarithromycin. This antimicrobial action is partly due to the gum’s ability to interfere with the bacterial cell wall and inhibit the enzymes that H. pylori uses to thrive.²

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects:

In addition to its antimicrobial properties and antibacterial activity, mastic gum and mastic powder possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These properties can be beneficial in managing inflammation associated with H. pylori infections, such as gastritis and peptic ulcers, as well as duodenal ulcers. By reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, mastic gum may help alleviate many digestive symptoms and support healing.⁷⁸⁹

Prebiotic effects:

While mastic gum isn’t a source of probiotics, studies suggest that mastic gum can function as a prebiotic, nourishing the growth of beneficial gut microbes in the microbiome. By fostering a balanced microbiome, it can help “crowd out” the growth of harmful bacteria, such as H. pylori, and support optimal digestive health.

Recommended dosage and duration

The optimal dosage of mastic gum for managing H. pylori infections varies, but research suggests that a typical regimen involves taking 1–3 grams per day. Some studies have used powders or capsules, while others have used mastic chewing gum.

This dosage can be divided into smaller amounts throughout the day to maintain consistent levels in the digestive system, such as by chewing mastic gum several times per day.

Duration of mastic’s effects

The duration of mastic gum’s effects depends on someone’s specific health conditions and the severity of the infection. Studies suggest that noticeable improvements in digestive health may be observed within a few weeks of consistent use of mastic resin.

However, the exact duration of its effects and how long they last will depend on factors such as the infection’s persistence and the person’s general lifestyle and health (including the quality of their diet).

Mastic powders vs. mastic gum: which is better?

Mastic gum:

Mastic gum is available in several forms, including whole gum pieces and powdered supplements. When chewed or consumed in its raw form, mastic gum releases its essential oils and active compounds directly, which can be beneficial for gastrointestinal health. This method is effective in delivering the gum’s antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

After you’re done chewing mastic gum you can also swallow it if you’d like, which will provide your gut with a source of prebiotics. There’s a small choking hazard when swallowing gum, so we recommend breaking the gum into smaller pieces after you’re finished chewing it.

Mastic powders:

Mastic powders are another popular form and are often used like other powdered supplements, such as stirred into a drink or taken in capsules. They offer a convenient way to incorporate mastic resin into your daily routine without the need to chew gum, for example, if you have tooth sensitivity.

Powders are also easy to measure and adjust the dosage, or you can choose to buy capsules if you rather not measure the powder yourself. However, the effectiveness of mastic powders versus whole gum can vary, as the processing of the gum into powder can potentially impact the potency of its bioactive compounds.

Which method is more effective?

Both mastic gum and mastic powders have their advantages. Whole mastic gum provides a direct and possibly more potent delivery of essential oils and active compounds. In contrast, mastic powders or capsules offer ease of use and precise dosing. Ultimately, the choice between mastic gum and powders may depend on personal preference and convenience.

Potential side effects and considerations

Mastic gum is generally considered safe for most people when used as directed. However, some people might experience mild side effects, such as gastrointestinal discomfort, bloating, or mild jaw soreness from mastic chewing These side effects are typically temporary and resolve as the body adjusts to mastic’s effects.

Precautions:

People with pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions, extensive dental work, or sensitivities to essential oils should consult a healthcare provider before starting mastic gum. This is especially important if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking medications, as mastic gum can potentially interact with certain treatments or conditions.

Key takeaways on mastic gum’s ability to fight H. pylori

Mastic gum shows promise in managing H. pylori infections due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. While research supports its effectiveness, it’s important to approach mastic gum as a complementary therapy for digestive health rather than a sole treatment for ulcers. Always consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating mastic gum into your regimen, especially if you have specific health concerns or conditions.

This article originally appeared online in 2024; it was most recently updated on October 2, 2024, to include current information.

Jillian Levy

Jillian Levy is a seasoned health writer and certified health coach with a decade of experience crafting informative content for leading health, wellness, and personal development brands.

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